Author Archives: Jihan Jihan

In this research, the ultimate load capacity of post-installed anchors for three adhesives (three brands: HIT-RE10, ROX-GU80 and DUBELLF1331) and grouts (FLO-GROUT2) were evaluated experimentally and compared with the reference cast-in-place anchors. A parametric study was conducted to assess the effects of the anchor diameter (10, 12, 16 mm), anchor embedded length (5d_b,10d_b, and 15d_b), the cleaning method and drilled hole size on the adhesive and grouted anchors. Also, the effect of the saturation of the concrete on the pullout capacity for adhesive and grouted anchors had been studied.   

Among the used three adhesive brands, the anchor adhesive Brand “HIT-RE10” appeared to have the largest bond capacity. Furthermore, apart from the small embedded length (5d_b), the experimental results showed that the ultimate load capacity of the post installed anchors was higher than the reference cast-in-place anchors. In the same embedded length range (>5db), the average bond stress decreased with the increase in the embedded length. With respect to the effect of increasing the embedment length and the diameter parameters, the results showed that there is a corresponding increase in the ultimate load capacity of both the adhesive and the grout anchors.

For the cleaning method parameter in the adhesive anchors, cleaning with Method I (air only) achieved a higher ultimate load capacity compared with cleaning using Method II (air plus wire brush) because wire brush tends to polish the drilled surface; however, in grouted anchors, cleaning using Method I (air plus wire brush) produced the larger capacity than cleaning using Method (II) because wire brush tend to remove dusts that remain in the drilled holes that produce a weaker bond between the grout and the concrete

The results showed also that cleaning holes of the adhesive anchors by Method III (washing with water and wire brush) produced the highest ultimate load capacity compared with the other two cleaning method. 

Regarding the adhesive/grout thickness parameter, the ultimate load capacity, a part from the 5db embedment length, increasing adhesive thickness with (+4mm, +8mm and +12mm) resulted in a higher final bonding strength. This behavior was opposite in the grouted anchors, where there was a reduction in the ultimate load capacity with the increase of the grout thickness; this behavior was more pronounced at smaller depth (5db,10db) rather than large depth (15db).

Further, the adhesive anchors installed into wet saturated concrete have larger ultimate load capacity compared with the anchors installed into wet saturated concrete. Both of grouted and adhesive anchors ultimate load capacity increased when the anchors installed in saturated concrete but there was a drop in the ultimate load capacity of grouted anchor if it was installed into wet saturated concrete because it will increase the water / grout ratio. Also grouted anchors installed into dry concrete had lower ultimate load capacity compared to the grouted anchor that  installed into saturated concrete.

Abstract
Goal: The aim of the current study is to elucidate the historical evolution of information and
communication technology and establish the relationship between (information and
communication technology and enhancing the training efficiency of instructors) at Erbil
Polytechnic University.
General Framework: The general framework of the study addresses the research problem,
which has raised several questions about the nature of the relationship, impact, and variation
between the independent variable (information and communication technology) and the
dependent variable represented by (training efficiency). To achieve this, a hypothetical study
plan was designed, consisting of a set of main hypotheses. To validate these hypotheses, they
underwent multiple tests, using a survey questionnaire as a means of data collection.
Study Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, where the main
and subsidiary variables were described. This methodology was also used to analyze the
relationships and effects among variables. Study Population: The current study includes all
instructors in the colleges and institutes affiliated with Erbil Polytechnic University. The
hypotheses were tested using statistical methods through the software (SPSS V.22).
Conclusions and Recommendations: The study arrived at several main conclusions,
including the presence of a positive linear relationship between information systems and
training efficiency at both the overall and partial levels. The results of pre-distribution
questionnaire tests indicated that they met the criteria of face validity, comprehensiveness,
and stability. This, along with the arbitration process, suggests the possibility of relying on the
data results obtained through the questionnaire. The study proposes leveraging the strong
relationship between the variables to benefit Erbil Polytechnic University and recommends
supporting and enhancing weaker relationships.
Keywords: Information and Communication Technology, Training Efficiency, Erbil
Polytechnic Universit.

http://Urinary tract infections are the most popular type of diagnosed bacterial illness, and the most frequent bacteria responsible for Urinary tract infections are Escherichia coli. The most frequent resistance for gram-negative bacteria to β-lactam antibiotics, especially in Escherichia coli, are β-lactamases. The number of patients infected by extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing Escherichia coli is rising and regarded as a major health problem globally. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial activity of specific lactic acid bacteria against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli to prevent and treat Urinary tract infections. Our research comprised 54 positive midstream urine samples from patients with symptomatic Urinary tract infections, in all age groups, from outpatient departments in Erbil hospitals from 1st October 2021 to 1st April 2022 for isolation and identification of Escherichia coli. The distribution of isolates among genders clarified that the females 33 (61.11%) have a higher percentage of Urinary tract infections than 21 males (38.89%). When the antibiotic susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolates was tested using the VITEK 2 panel, all isolates from different regions expressed multiple antibiotic resistance; in this findings, these isolates showed the highest percentage of resistance to Ceftazidime (77.78%), Cefepime (75.93%), Ciprofloxacin (70.37%), Piperacillin (68.52%), while isolates have the highest rate of sensitive to Meropenem (88.89%), Imipenem (85.19%), Amikacin (83.33%), Netilmicin (77.78%). Additionally, this findings showed that certain antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli has grown. Three types of β-lactamases include ESβLs genes (blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX) by the use of PCR assay. All Extended-spectrum β-lactamase -producing Escherichia coli isolates samples. The blaSHV was detected in 41 isolates VI (75.9%) of the Uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates, while for the blaTEM gene the result showed that in 42 detected isolates (77.7%), there is 26 isolates (48.15%) which indicates the prevalence of blaCTX gene. Antagonistic activity of four types of probiotics bacteria against (54) isolates Escheriachia coli were performed. Results showed that most probiotics types have inhibition activity against Escherichia coli isolates and the diameter of inhibition zone was highest (17.2 mm) when probiotic Lactobacillus casei used, while Streptococcus thermophiles showed less inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli isolates with (12.1 mm) of inhibition zone.