Effect of Ketogenic Diet on Serum IL10, MDA, Nitrate, and other Biochemical Parameters in Obese Individuals

The ketogenic diet (KD) shifts body metabolism away from carbohydrates toward fat and ketone bodies. Many overweight individuals suffer from insulin resistance and other symptoms of prediabetes in the world. Thus, this study aims to investigate the safety of KD and its adverse actions on prediabetic overweight and obese individuals. In this case-control study, fifty-eight overweight and obese individuals were divided into prediabetes and control groups based on their Homeostasis Model Assessment-estimated Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) values. Both groups performed KD for 3 months. During this period, blood ketone bodies were monitored weekly, and Fasting blood Sugar (FBS), lipid profile, Creatinine, urea, uric acid, Blood nitrogen urea (BUN), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), C peptide level, oxidative stress, and interleukin 10 (IL10) were analysed before and after the intervention. BMI and FBS reduced significantly after the KD for both groups. However, both groups increased significantly triglyceride (TG), Creatinine, urea, uric acid, and BUN (Blood nitrogen urea). While the cholesterol and interleukin 10 (IL10) were elevated in the control group.  In the other hand HDL (High density lipoprotein), NO (nitric oxide) and MDA (Malondialdehyde) were significantly rised but LDL (Lower density lipoprotein) was reduced in prediabetes group after KD.as well C peptide increased significantly in prediabetes group. Also, KD has a significant effect on HOMA-IR and HOMA-S% on both groups but HOMA-B% shows a significant effect only  in prediabetes group.

The study reveals that KD is helpful for weight reduction, but also it has a positive effect on reducing insulin resistance in prediabetic individuals.