Author Archives: Jihan Jihan

This study determined the thermal analysis of solar water heating system (SWHS) for Erbil
city. SWHS is adorable system for receiving and saving energy. Solar energy is one of the
most important sources of renewable energy and gets great useful energy. Erbil city is
considered a suitable place to receive solar global irradiance energy, reasonable solar
intensity is available during the year. The characteristics of the SWHS includes (flat plate
solar collector, hot water storage tank unmixed fluid (reservoir) with heat exchangers,
working fluid through the pipes and tubes, water pump system and loading zone that is
greenhouse). This study describes the evaluation of the optimum performance and
determine the parameters of SWHS for Erbil (36.19 N Latitude, 44 E Longitude) climate
conditions during summer season, the installed system based on winter months and
(collector tilt angle) to get the highest total solar insolation during winter. The results
demonstrated the optimum performance of each parameter respectively for the (total global
irradiance, outlet collector temperature, the optimum collector efficiency, the amount of
useful heat gains from the working fluid (water) through the solar collectors and heat
transfer rate for loading zone) from the solar water heating system has been investigated by
experimentally study data. The results show that the optimum performance during the test
duration is a global irradiance with 630 W/m2
, outlet collector temperature is 69.5 ℃, the
optimum value of collector efficiency 0.93, the amount of useful heat gains is 10.238 kW
and heat transfer rate for loading zone 7.56162 kW. In addition, an exergy analysis the
optimum exergy analysis for the flat plate solar collector is about 3.56kW, the optimum
exergy analysis for the storage tank is about 3.56kW, the optimum exergy rate for loading
zone is about 0.86kW, the exergy efficiency of the solar collector is about 7.3% with energy
and exergy analysis is used to investigate system performance of the as shown results. The
first law of thermodynamic and the second law of thermodynamic are used for that. Energy
is calculated to measure the quantity but exergy is calculated to measure the quality of
energy performance. Exergy is a period to get beneficial energy that can be get more useful
VIII
or suitable energy principle. In the solar energy system great significance has been placed
on the expansion of active solar energy systems which involves the combination of several
sub-systems: flat plate solar collectors, hot water storage tank with heat exchangers unmixed
fluid, working fluid through the pipes or tubes and loading zone (greenhouse). The major
component of the active close systems is the solar collector involves of flat plate solar
collectors that is fixed on the top floor of Erbil Research Building Center of Kurdistan region