Author Archives: Jihan Jihan

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the relation and impact of the training strategy represented by its dimensions (training process steps, the diversity of training programs, the support and commitment of the senior management to the training strategy, the use of modern technology) with the dimensions of developing leadership competencies represented by (knowledge, skills, behavior).

Methodology: The problem of the study, which raised several questions about the nature of the correlation and influence between the independent variable (training strategy) and the dependent variable (development of leadership competencies). The hypotheses were subjected to multiple tests, and the study used a questionnaire as a means of obtaining data.

Method: The study followed the analytical descriptive analyses, as main and sub-variables were described, as well as to analyze the relationships and influence between the variables.it describe the population of the study that are (218) scientific head departments of (5) governor universities in Erbil, the study sample represented (140) head departments, those participate and responded questioner reached (136) heads of departments. and statistical tests by computer program (SPSS V.26).

Finding: The results of the statistical analysis indicate that the heads of scientific departments in the public universities in the Erbil governorate are well interested in the training strategy, plans and various long-term programs for the development of competencies and personal skills. The results also show that there is a strong direct relationship between the two variables and the development of leadership competencies that is directly affected by any change that Led in the independent variable training strategy in the universities surveyed

Recommendations: This study recommended assigning and encouraging mature experience age groups and young people, to exchange experiences and knowledge among themselves in order to develop leadership competencies. And reconsider assigning females to administrative tasks, due to the strong demand by females to assume administrative positions on the one hand, and the appropriateness of these jobs in the educational sector to the characteristics of females in terms of their ability to deal with and solve problems and their patience, perseverance, and seriousness in work.

Keywords: training strategy, competency development, public universities in Erbil Governorate

پوختە

ئەم توێژینەوەیە بە ناونیشانی (ئاستی بەرپرسیاریەتی کۆمەڵایەتی رۆژنامەنووسان لە خستنەڕووی پەیامە میدیاییەکان لە کەناڵە ئاسمانییە کوردییەکاندا)، ئەم توێژینەوەیە لە جۆری توێژینەوەی وەسفییە کە لەگەڵ شێوازی توێژینەوەکە گونجاوە. بە مەبەستی بەدەستهێنانی داتا و زانیاری ورد و دروست، توێژەر پشتی بە میتۆدی تێکەڵ (Mix Method) بەستووە. کۆمەڵگەی ئەم توێژینەوەیە بریتییە لە 200)) ڕۆژنامەنووسی نێو کەناڵە ئاسمانییە کوردییەکان، کە بەشێوەی ناهەڕەمەکی مەبەستدار هەڵبژێردراون. توێژەر دوو ئامرازی گرنگی لەم توێژینەوە بەکارهێناوە کە بریتیین لە: (فۆرمی ڕاپرسی، چاوپێکەوتن). فۆڕمی ڕاپرسی ئەم توێژینەوەیە لە سێ تەوەر پێک هاتووە کە بەسەر ڕۆژنامەنووسان دابەشکراوە، هەروەها وەرگرتنی چەند مامۆستایەکی بەشی ڕاگەیاندن لە ڕێگەی چاوپێکەوتن وەک چاودێری میدیایی و دەستەبژێری ئەکادیمی لە شارەکانی هەرێمی کوردستان و ئاراستەکردنی چەند پرسیارێکی گرنگ سەبارەت بە بەرپرسیاریەتی کۆمەڵایەتی ڕۆژنامەنووسان. بەکارهێنانی ئەم دوو ئامرازە لەم توێژینەوەیە بە مەبەستی گەیشتنی توێژەرە بە چەند دەرئەنجامێکی گرنگ. کێشەی ئەم توێژینەوەیە بریتییە لە دەرخستنی ئاستی بەرپرسیاریەتی کۆمەڵایەتی رۆژنامەنووسان و کەناڵە ئاسمانییە کوردییەکان لە خستنەڕووی پەیامە میدیاییەکان. ئامانجی سەرەکی ئەم توێژینەوەیە بریتییە لە زانینی هۆکارەکانی پابەند نەبوونی هەندێ لە ڕۆژنامەنووسان بە بەرپرسیاریەتی کۆمەڵایەتی و دەرخستنی ئاستی بەرپرسیاریەتی کۆمەڵایەتییان لە خستنەڕووی پەیامە میدیاییەکان. گرینگی ئەم توێژینەوەیە لەڕوانگەی کۆمەڵگەوە لەوەدایە کە دەبێتە هۆی کەمکردنەوەی کێشە کۆمەڵایەتییەکان، کە لە ڕێگەی هەندێک لە ڕۆژنامەنووسان و کەناڵە ڕاگەیاندنەکان دروست دەبێت. لە ڕوانگەی زانستییەوە دەبێتە هۆی بەرزکردنەوەی ئاستی کارکردنی ڕۆژنامەنووسان و کەناڵە ئاسمانییە کوردییەکان و گرنگی پێدانی زیاتر بە بنەمای بەرپرسیاریەتی کۆمەڵایەتی، هەروەها بەرزکردنەوەی کوالێتی ناوەڕۆکی پەیامە میدیاییەکان و کەمکردنەوەی گرفتە میدیایەکان لە کەناڵ و دەزگا ڕاگەیاندنەکان. ئەم توێژینەوەیە گەیشتووەتە چەند دەرئەنجامێکی گرنگ کە بریتیین لە:

•  ڕەچاوکردنی بەرپرسیاریەتی کۆمەڵایەتی لەلایەن ڕۆژنامەنووسانەوە ڕێژەییە، واتە بەشێک لە ڕۆژنامەنووسان ڕەچاوی بنەمای بەرپرسیاریەتی کۆمەڵایەتی دەکەن لەکاتی ئاراستەکردنی پەیامە میدیاییەکان بۆ جەماوەر، لەهەمانکاتدا بەشێکیان بەرپرسیاریەتییەکەیان لە ئاستێکی لاوازدایە واتە وەک پێویست ڕەچاوی ئەم بنەمایە ناکەن.

•  لە کۆمەڵگەی کوردی بەهۆی کەمی ئاستی هۆشیاری بەشێک لە تاکەکانی و حەزکردنیان بە گەورەکردنی کێشەکان و قوڵکردنەوەی لایەنی نەرێنی بابەتەکان، بوونەتە هۆی هاندان بۆ کەمتەرخەمی لە ڕەچاوکردنی بەرپرسیاریەتی کۆمەڵایەتی لای هەندێ لە ڕۆژنامەنووسان.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is regarded as a global health problem since its causes and diagnosis have confused many researchers to this day. This study aims to investigate the impact of four important parameters on PCOS in women of Erbil city, including Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) represented by the HLA-B*0702 allele, Anti-Follicle Stimulating Hormone (anti-FSH) antibodies, Anti-Luteinizing Hormone (anti-LH) antibodies, and vitamin D3. It is regarded as novel in this field. For this purpose, one hundred blood samples, including EDTA for molecular characterization and serum samples for immunological analysis were collected from (60 PCOS patients and 40 healthy controls) who attended the Maternity Teaching Hospital and some private clinics and hospitals in Erbil City between October 2021 and January 2022. After DNA extraction, all of the extracted DNA samples were genotyped using a PCR-based approach with specific sequence primers. Anti-FSH and anti-LH antibodies serum levels were assessed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA), whereas vitamin D3 assessment was done using an Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) technology on a Cobas e411 immunoassay analyzer.

The outcomes of the study, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.167 at a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.8167 to 6.330, signifies a higher risk and suggesting that the syndrome is more common with the HLA-B*0702 allele which is harmful in this case. The serum levels of anti-FSH and anti-LH antibodies in primary infertile PCOS patients were significantly higher than in the control group and secondary infertile PCOS patients. A significant positive linear relationship was also discovered between these antibodies (P-value < 0.0001). Furthermore, anti-FSH antibodies showed a significant positive correlation with FSH, just as anti-LH antibodies did with LH (P-value < 0.01). However, both antibodies demonstrated non-significant positive correlations with the LH/FSH ratio and non-significant negative relationships with vitamin D3 (P-value ≥ 0.05). Hypovitaminosis D3 was observed in most PCOS patients and healthy controls with a significant difference (P-value < 0.01). According to the findings, the HLA-B*0702 allele is linked to PCOS susceptibility and could be employed as an immunogenetic marker. The results also supported the idea that antibodies against follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone are naturally found antibodies in PCOS patients rather than signs of autoimmune disease. Women with PCOS are additionally more inclined to develop vitamin D3 deficiency.

Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is the most common form of diabetes; it develops when pancreatic cells produce an excess amount of insulin, resulting in insulin resistance by peripheral cells. T2D is an illness that caused by interaction between genetics and environmental factors. Genetic factors are involved in the development of T2D and several genetic variants increase the risk to have T2D. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs1801282 in the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors gamma) PPARG (gene and rs9939609 in the Fat mass and obesity associated protein (FTO (gene were discovered to be related to raising the risk of T2D in different populations. This research aimed to discover if rs1801282 in the PPARG gene and rs9939609 in the FTO gene are responsible for increasing the risk of T2D in Kurdistan region. In the current study DNA from 200 unrelated individuals (100 T2D, and 100 non-diabetic control) were genotyped using Allele-specific PCR for both SNPs. The accuracy of the PCR methods used were validated by the Sanger sequencing method.

The association analysis for the rs1801282 (adjusted by sex, age, and BMI) showed significant differences between the cases and the control groups for rs1801282, individuals with genotypes (GG, and GC) had a higher risk of the disease (p-value = 0.0045, OR = 3.96, 95%CI: 1.31-11.94) than genotype (CC). the contrary, there was no significant differences (p value= 0.39) between the case and control groups for the rs9939609 variant in the FTO gene.

The findings in this research suggested that the variant rs1801282 in the PPARG gene was a genetic susceptible SNP in T2D in the Kurdish population, while SNP rs9939609 in the FTO gene was not associated with T2D. Further investigations with larger number samples are required to validate these findings.