Hematological malignancies are among the many diseases that exhibit P53 mutations. The main aim of the present study to assess the prevalence of P53 gene mutations among Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia cases. We conducted a comprehensive evaluation using P53 mutational screening through hematological changes, bone marrow aspiration reports, PCR, and gel electrophoresis in the current research to assess the P53 mutation frequencies in AML and ALL patients.

This study evaluated 61 patients of Acute Leukemia referred from Nanakaly Hospital for Blood Diseases and Cancer in Erbil-City, from July 1, 2021, to March 11, 2022. For a total of 61 patients (29 patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia and 32 patients with  Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia), which had been selected for the study depending on the Complete Remission/Partial Remission association, we compared the CBC parameters, immunophenotyping CDs, and bone marrow reports. Of these, 40 samples (20 from AML and 20 from ALL) were followed up for DNA extraction, PCR amplification and visualized by Gel Electrophoresis.

Overall 61 patients (29 AML patients achieved CR 24(82.7%) and PR 5(17.3%) and (32 ALL patients achieved CR 25(79.3%) and PR 7(20.7%). One of the important  findings of our study, the P53 gene was mutated in all of AML and ALL patients. The most frequent positive CDs in AML patients, includes (CD13, CD33, MPO, HLADR, CD64, CD117, CD34), and the mean of them are (75%, 70%, 60%, 60%, 55%, 55% and 50% respectively) , and according to CR/PR association those CDs were statistically showed significant (CD64, CD117, CD13, CD33, CD34, MPO, TdT and CD38,), p-values (<0.0001, <0.0001, 0.0012, 0.0012, 0.0067, 0.0103, 0.0209 and 0.0235 respectively). The most frequent CDs in ALL patients, includes (CD19, CD79a, TdT, HLADR, CD10, CD22 and CD34), the mean of them are (95.24%, 95.24%, 95%, 90%, 85.71%, 80% and 50% respectively), and according to CR/PR association, those CDs markers(CD2, CD10, CD19, CD22, CD34, CD79A and TdT) were statistically showed significant, with p-values (<0.0001, <0.0001, <0.0001, <0.0001, <0.0001, 0.0003 and 0.0124 respectively). The majority of bone marrow aspirates in AML cases during the post-induction stage were primarily hypercellular(100%) in CR group and hypercellular (85%) in PR group, and the p-value depending on CR/PR ratio showed mildly significant for Cellular fragments (0.0068), also the blast percentages were significant. For instances of ALL, the bone marrow aspiration reports were primarily hypercellular(100%) in CR group and hypercellular (45%) in PR group, and the p-value of  CR/PR ratio showed strongly significant(<0.0001). The present study identified by Sanger sequencing, 28 mutations from 17 mutated samples(from 20 samples of AML and 20 samples of ALL), which includes, 17 mutations from 10 samples of AML and 11 mutations from 7 samples of ALL.

We conclude that P53 were highly mutated in AML and ALL cases and immunophenotyping CD markers significantly expressed in acute leukemias, also the reports showed the  hypercellular bone marrow.

SUMMARY

The current study aimed to investigate the impact of a static magnetic field (SMF) exposure on uropathogenic Escherichia coli colony morphology, cell growth, viability, biochemical characteristics, antibiotic susceptibility and gene expression from urine clinical specimens.

Twenty- five E.coli is being isolated clinical samples obtained from urine of patients attended to different hospitals (Erbil, Rizgary, and Rapareen Teaching Hospital in Erbil city/Iraq. All isolates were identified using cultural, morphological, biochemical characteristics, and the using Vitek 2 system for identification.

The magnetic field created manually with the power of (0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16T) and have been measured the force in the Physics Department of the College of Education at the University of Salahaddin in Erbil/ Iraq. The bacterial culture in broth media exposed to different force of magnetic field.

Our findings revealed that exposure to SMF (0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16T) decreased optical density at 620 nm over the course of 24 hours. Also finding exposed bacteria to different magnetic force been altered bacterial biological activity on sugar fermentation and antibiotic sensitivity due to mutation.

In addition, the Vitek 2 system has been used for measuring the antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria against different magnetic fields. After 24 hours of exposure, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was calculated. The antibiotics Ciprofloxacin, Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, Ceftazidime, Cefepime and Aztreonam converted from sensitive to resistant compared with negative control (unexposed).

Escherichia coli isolates were put through a PCR procedure using the appropriate primer 16SrRNA to establish their identity as well as other primers TEM1.CTXM-1 SHV genes that encode for a multidrug-resistant strain MDR.

The interpretation of the differential expression of the TEM₁.CTX_M-1, SHV, and 16SrRNA genes under different SMF exposure revealed that the expression level of the 16SrRNA amplification PCR product remained constant throughout the exposure and thus can be used as a reference gene for the observation of the differential gene expression of E. coli. Notably, the amplified PCR products of TEM₁.CTX_M-1, and SHV genes were decreased after different SMF exposure as compared to non-exposed (control) that’s lead to increase antibiotic susceptibility. The TEM₁.CTX_M-1 genes were subjected to a genomic study; (Bio Edit V.7.0.5) was used to evaluate the quality of their sequencing data. Utilizing NCBI- BLAST, homology, insertions - deletions, stop codons, and frame shifts were investigated. Laboratory or query sequences were examined and aligned with a second biological sequence to identify a greater degree of similarity and nucleotide variation with other targets.